The Manusmriti offers a profound insight into ancient Indian civilization. This ancient text is a foundational work of Hindu law and social order, covering various aspects of dharma, governance and social conduct. It addresses ethics, individual duties and the caste hierarchy, which have impacted Hindu society. Despite its controversial caste-based laws, it remains a significant cultural and historical document, providing valuable perspectives on ancient Indian civilization. • Provides a deep understanding of ancient Indian principles of dharma and social order.• Explores ethical teachings and individual responsibilities within the Manusmriti.• Offers insights into the influential caste hierarchy that has shaped Hindu society.• Examines the controversial yet significant cultural and historical impact of the Manusmriti.• This influential text presents the wisdom and complexities of ancient Indian civilization.